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Sunday 18 June 2017

A comparison between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes



Points of comparison
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Organelles
True celled organisms, has mitochondria, lysosomes, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, etc...
Has less organelles
Genetic material
Contained inside the cell's nucleus associated with histone proteins forming chromatin
Floating in the cytoplasm, has small circular DNA molecules spread in the cytoplasm called Plasmids - has no associated proteins
Nucleus
Present
Absent

Cell size
Large, average size between
10-100micrometers
Small, average size between
0.1- 5micrometers
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton exists exists, performs endocytosis and exocytosis
No cytoskeleton, cannot perform endocytosis and exocytosis
Cell division
By mitosis
By binary fission
Sexual reproduction
Involves meiosis
Asexually, transfer of DNA fragments only
Membrane-enclosed organelles
Exists
Doesn't exist
Ribosomes
Larger size 80S, smaller size 70S in organelles
Smaller size 70S
Organisms are
Often multicellular
Always unicellular
Glycocalyx
Present in some cells that lack cell wall
Present as a capsule or slime layer
Motor organ
The motor organ is cilia
The motor organ is flagellum
Respiratory enzymes
Are found in the cytoplasmic membrane
Respiratory enzymes are found in the inner membrane of mitochondria
Nitrogen fixation
Cannot, only through endosymbiotic relation with a nitrogen-fixing prokaryote e.g., Rhizobium sp., Azospirillum sp.
Some bacteria possess the ability to fix nitrogen via the nitrogenase enzyme
Diagram




Example
Our cells (animal cells), fungi, plants, protists and algae
Bacteria and Archaea

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Latest topic - http://allaboutbiologyworld.blogspot.com/2017/06/our-cell-1-structure-function-division.html
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