Ed and Rhizopus stolonifer, an agony tale

Mycology #2

Rhizopus stolonifer (Bread mold)

under general environment

Rhizopus stolonifer has grown on a piece
of bread - the black spots indicate the
formation of sporangium (spore sac)

The fungus was grown under general environment, a piece of bread was cut, put in a small box containing some water, which accelerated the growth of Rhizopus stolonifer or in other words the black mold which usually attacks bread. 

It is considered to be a mesophilic fungus since it rapidly grows between temperatures of 15*C - 30*C.

It's classification, Division: Amastigomycota 

                               Sub-division: Zygomycotina

                                 Class: Zygomycetes

And this class by which this fungus belongs to are characterized by

1. Terrestrial.
2. Doesn't form any type of swarm spores ( they are spores that have mobility function (motile) which has a flagellum used for locomotion)
3. Spores are dispersed either by air or by soil.
4. Each fungus consists of mycelium ( somatic structure of the body) which form filamentous hyphae  have large proportion of chitin)  - Mycelium is a network of hyphae
5. The cell wall is formed of chitin
6. Saprophytic ( little parasitism on plants and animals )
7. Reproduce asexually by sporangiospores which are non-motile formed within sporangium (sac) reproduce by conidia ( single or chain cells present on the top of conidiophores)
8. Reproduce sexually by Zygospore due to 2 sex organs similar in shape, size, and aren't differentiated from each other but physiologically different.

The following pictures discuss the structure of the fungus under microscope ( made by me) 

Sporangiophore and sporangium

Structure of Rhizopus stolonifer under microscope

Life cycle of Rhizopus stolonifer

Source: http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/2011/olbrantz_chri/reproduction.htm

Source: Microbiology course no. 07201

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Penicillium digitatum topic - https://allaboutbiologyworld.blogspot.com/2017/04/todd-has-been-sick-short-tale.html

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Microscope reveals

Home ant (1) 

(2)

Antenna of the ant

Close look to this ant's leg

Plant cells of an onion - stained by iodine ( the only stain I had at the current moment)

A close look to the plant cells of an onion

Cells extracted from the inner lining of my cheeks also stained by iodine

Wing of Culex mosquito

Stinging apparatus of Culex moquito

Legs of Culex mosquito

Mouthparts of Musca domestica (house fly)

Wings of Musca domestica (house fly)

Rhizopus stolonifer (bread mould) sporangium + sporangiophore

Rhizopus stolonifer

Gram-positive Monobacillus 

Gram-positive Monobacillus

Penicillium digitatum

Peniciliium digitatum

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